Cyclophosphamide |Structure |Synthesis |Mechanism of action |Uses|Dosage |Side-effects

 Cyclophosphamide 

Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent and antineoplastic agent. It is odorless and slightly bitter taste fine white crystalline powder. Slightly solluble in benzene, very slightly solluble in ether and aceton and insolluble in carbon tetrachloride. When heated it emit toxic fumes of nitrogen oxide, Phosphorus oxide, HCl. The moleculer weight is 261.08 gm/mol. The boiling point and melting point is 336⁰c and 106-113⁰c. It is also known as Cytoxan, Cycliphosphane, Neosar, Procytox, Clafen,  Endoxan, Cyclostan, Sendoxan, Claphene, Mitoxan, Cyklofosfamide.

■Structure:-

The moleculer formula of cyclophosphamide is,   [C7H15Cl2N2O2P]

The IUPAC name is, 

                              N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3-oxazaphosphinan-2-amine.

■Synthesis:-

■Mechanism of action:-

It is an alkylating agent, an active form of cyclophosphamide binds with the DNA. Its cytotoxide damage DNA via the formation of cross-link which prevents DNA from being separated for Synthesis or transcription. 

■Uses:-

It is used in the treatment of, 

• Nephoritic syndromes. 
• Non Hodgkins lymphoma. 
• Breast cancer. 
• Lupus Nephritis.
• Juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

■Dosage:-

The usual adult dose for Nephoritic syndromes is 2-3mg intravenously/ kg/day for 12 weeks.

The usual adult dose for non Hodgkins lymphoma is 600-1500 mg per meter square intravenously with other antineoplastic agent. 

The usual adult dose for breast cancer is intravenously 600mg per meter square with other antineoplastic agent. 

The usual adult dose for Lupus Nephritis is 500mg intravenously every 2 weeks. If not work than produced high dose 500-1000mg per meter square intravenously per month.

The usual adult dose for juvenile idiopathic arthritis is 10mg/kg intravenously for every 2 weeks.

■Side-effects:-

The major Side-effects are, 

• Nausea. 
• Vomiting. 
• Loss of appetite. 
• Abdominal pain.
• Diarrhea. 
• Hair loss.
• Sores on the mouth or tongue. 
• Change in skin color. 
• Abnormal growth of finger and toe nails.

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