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 Clomifene Citrate

Clomifene Citrate is a triphenylethylene non-steroidal ovulatory stimulant. It is mainly used in the treatment of infertility. Clomifene citrate is an ovulation inducer. It is a white or pale yellow crystalline powder sparingly soluble in ethanol (95%), slightly soluble in water, and practically insoluble in ether. The molecular weight of clomifene citrate is 598.1 gm/mol. It increases testosterone levels in the human body, due to these characteristics clomifene citrate is banned for competitive sportsmen.

Structure:

The molecular formula of clomifene citrate is,[C­­­­­26H28NOCl, C­­­­­6H8O7].

Clomifene citrate structure

The IUPAC name of clomifene citrate is, (E, Z)-2-{4-(2-chloro-1,2-diphenylethenyl)phenoxy}-N, N-dimethylamine.

Synthesis:

Clomifene citrate synthesis

Mechanism of action:

Clomifene citrate is an Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM). It produces both estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects. It binds with estrogen receptors and increases the release of Follicle-Stimulating Hormones(FSH), Luteinizing Hormones(LH), and Gonadotropins. These hormones are very essential for ovulation and the development of ovarian follicles.

Uses:

Clomifene citrate is used in the treatment of infertility, it improves the chance of pregnancy.

Side-effects:

The Overdose of clomifene citrate shows different types of side effects like headache, stomach upset, dizziness, abnormal vaginal bleeding, ovulation pain, increased sensitivity, nausea, breast tenderness, etc.