How streptomycin works on human body?

 Streptomycin 

It is an aminoglycoside antibacterial antibiotic produced by streptomyces griseus. It is used in the treatment of active tuberculosis with other anti-tuberculosis agents. It is a slightly bitter and odorless powder. Which is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol and chloroform.  Streptomycin is a highly polar organic base. The molecular weight of streptomycin is 581.6gm/mol. It is also known as, Streptomicina, Agrimycin, Chemform, Stephen, and Streptomycin A.

■Structure:-

The molecular formula of streptomycin is, [C­­­­­21H39N7 O12].

The IUPAC name of streptomycin is, 2-[(1R,2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3-(diaminomethylideneamino)-4-[(2R,3R,4R,5S)-3-[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(methylamino)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-formyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]oxy-2,5,6-trihydroxycyclohexyl]guanidine.

Streptomycin

■Mechanism of action:-

Streptomycin irreversibly binds to specific 30S subunit proteins and 16S rRNA. It specifically binds to four nucleotides of 16S rRNA and single amino acid of S12. This interferes with decoding sites near the nucleotide 1400 in 16S rRNA of the 30S subunit. This region interacts with the wobble base in the anticodon to tRNA. This interferes with the initiation complex causing misreading of mRNA so incorrect amino acids are inserted into the polypeptide leading to the non-functional and toxic peptides and the breakout of polysome into a non-functional monosome.

■Dosage:-

For the treatment of Tuberculosis, the initial dose for adults is 1-2gm two times daily. The child's dose is 20-40mg/kg/day two times daily.

For the treatment of tularemia, the initial adult dose is 1.2gm/day intramuscularly for 7-10 days.

For the treatment of plague, the initial adult dose is 15mg two times daily for 10 days intramuscularly.

■Uses:-

It is used in the treatment of Tuberculosis. In combination with other drugs, it is used for treating, 

1. Tularemia(caused by Francisella tularensis).
2. Plague(caused by Yersinia pestis).
3. Brucellosis.
4. Enterococcal endocarditis(caused by E.faccalis and E.faecium).

■Side-effects:-

1. Nausea.Rash
2. Vomiting.
3. Stomach pain.
4. Loss of appetite.
5. Vertigo.
6. Rash.
7. Fever.
8. Hives.
9. Skin sensation.
10. Tingling or pickling.
11. Edema.
12. Injection site reaction.

   ..........THE END...........