Sulphadiazine|Structure|Synthesis|Mechanism of action|Uses|Side-effect|Sulfapyridmidin|Neotrizine|Pyrimal|Spofadrizine

 Sulphadiazine

It is a sulfonamide antibacterial agent. It is a short-acting bacteriostatic and synthetic pyrimidinyl sulfonamide derivative. The molecular weight is 250.2 gm/mol. The melting point is 255°C. It is sparingly soluble in acetone and methanol. Poorly soluble in water. It is also known as, Sulfapyridmidin, Neotrizine, Pyrimal, Spofadrizine, etc.

Structure: 

The molecular formula of sulphadiazine is, [C10H10N4O2S].

The IUPAC name of  sulphadiazine is, 4-amino-N-pyrimidin-2yl-benzenesulfonamide.

Synthesis:

Mechanism of action:

Sulphadiazine inhibits the bacterial enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase. The reaction is necessary for the bacterial organisms for folic acid synthesis, by processing the substrate Para Amino Benzoic Acid(PABA). Folate is required for cells to make nucleic acids and if the DNA molecules cannot be built, the cell can not be divided.

Uses:

• It is used for treating infections caused by Meningo Cocci, E Coli, Neisseria gonorrhea, etc.
• It is also used for the treatment of Otitis media, Boils carbuncle, Meningococcal meningitis, and upper urinary tract infections.

Side-effects:

The overdose of  sulphadiazine shows different types of side effects like, 

1. Changes in menstrual periods.
2. Decreased sexual ability in males.
3. Pale skin.
4. Anxiety.
5. Coma.
6. Confusion.
7. Blurred vision.
8. Depression.