Ampicillin|Structure|Synthesis|MOA|Uses|Side-effects|Amino benzyl penicillin|Britacill|Delcillin|Principen

  

 Ampicillin

Ampicillin is an β-lactam penicillin antibiotic and broad spectrum antibiotic. It is used in the treatment of several bacterial infection like, meningitis, urinary tract infection, salmonellosis, respiratory tract infection etc. It inhibit the enzyme transpeptidase. Ampicillin is an odorless, white, crystalline powder, which is soluble in water. The molecular weight of ampicillin is, 349 gm/mol. it is also known as, Amino benzyl penicillin, Britacill, Delcillin, Principen etc.

Structure:

The molecular formula of ampicillin is,[C­­­­­16H19N3 O4S].

The IUPAC name of ampicillin is, (2S,5R,6R)-6-[[(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid.

Synthesis:

Mechanism of action:

Ampicillin is an β-lactam penicillin antibiotic. Ampicillin binds with PBPs(Penicillin Binding Proteins). It inhibit the transpeptidase enzyme, which is responsible for the making of bacterial cell wall. Ampicillin inhibit the third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis in binary fusion, due to this ampicillin is a bacteriolytic.

Uses:

 It is used in the treatment of several bacterial infection like, meningitis, urinary tract infection,, salmonellosis, respiratory tract infection, Stomach and intestine infections, reproductive organ infection like gonorrhea.

Doses:

For the treatment of Gastrointestinal tract infection the usual intravenous dose is 500mg in every 6 hours. The pediatric dose is, under 20 kg,50-100mg/kg/day, over 20 kg, 500mg orally in every 6 hours.

For the treatment of respiratory tract infection the usual intravenous dose is, 250mg in every 6 hours. The pediatric dose is, under 40 kg, 25-50 mg/kg/day intravenously/ intramuscular, over 40 kg, 250-500 mg intravenously/intramuscular, in every 6 hours.

For the  treatment of gonorrhea, 3.5gm intravenously administrated once simultaneously with 1gm of probenecid.

For the treatment of meningitis the usual intravenous dose is 150-200mg/kg/day.

Side-effects:

The over dose of ampicillin shows different types of side-effects like,

1. Redness of the skin.
2. Black urine.
3. Hairy tongue.
4. Infection in mouth.
5. Low WBC.
6. Headache.
7. Vaginal itching.
8. Noisy breathing.