Discover the Impact and Mechanism of Furosemide

Furosemide

It is a sulfamoyl anthranilic acid derivative and a potent diuretic. Furosemide is an odorless, tasteless, and white or almost white crystalline powder. The molecular weight of furosemide is 330.74 gm/mol. It is slightly soluble in water, chloroform, and ether and soluble in acetone, methanol, and DMF. The melting point of furosemide is 403⁰(NTP,1992). It is also known as, Furosemix, Selectofur, Durafurid, Aldalix, Furobeta, Frusedan, Bioretic, Jenafusid, Lasiletten, Disal, Katlex, Seguril, Aluzine, Lasix etc. 

Structure-

The chemical formula of furosemide is, [C12H11ClN2O5S].

The IUPAC name is, [ 4-chloro-2-(furan-2-ylmethylamino)-5-sulfanoyl benzoic acid].

Synthesis-

The starting material of furosemide Synthesis is 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid. In the first step, it reacts with ClS2OH and NH3, which produces 2,4-dichloro-5-sulfanoyl benzoic acid. 2,4-dichloro-5-sulfanoyl benzoic acid reacts with furfuryl amine and produces furosemide. 

Mechanism of Action-

Furosemide works by blocking the absorption of sodium, chloride, and water from the filtered fluid in the kidney tubule, causing a profound increase in the output of urine. The onset of action after oral administration is within one hour and diuretics last about 6-8 hours.

Uses-

*It is used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, and edema.

*It is also sometimes used to help in peeing when your kidney is not working properly. 

Dose-

The usual starting dose for treatment of edema in adults is 20-80mg as a single dose. The same dose or an increased dose may be administrated 6-8 hours later. The dose may be increased by 20-40 mg every 6-8 hours until the desired effect occurs the effective dose may be administrated once or twice daily. Some patients may require 600mg/day.

                    The starting oral dose for children is 2mg/kg. The starting dose may be increased by 1-2 mg/kg every hour until the desired effect is achieved. A dose greater than 6mg/kg is not recommended. 

Side effects-

The overdose of furosemide shows different types of side effects like,

#Peeing more than normal. 

#Feeling thirsty with a dry mouth.

#Headache. 

#Feeling confused. 

#Muscle cramps.

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