Cetirizine, A histamine H1 receptor antagonist
Cetirizine
It is a metabolite of hydroxyzine and a selective peripheral histamine H1 receptor antagonist. Cetirizine is a solid crystal from ethanol. The molecular weight of Cetirizine is 388.9g/mol.
The boiling point is 542.1⁰c at 760 mmHg. The melting point is 110-115⁰c. Cetirizine is soluble in water. It is also known as, Ziptek, Zerivate, Xarlin, Benaday, Virlix, Cetirizina, Setir, Cetryn, Humex, Cetirizinum etc.
Structure-
The molecular formula of cetirizine is, [C21H25ClN2O3].
IUPAC name of cetirizine is 2-[2-[(4-chlorophenyl)-phenylmethyl]piperazine-1-yl]ethoxy]acetic acid.
Synthesis-
Mechanism of Action-
It is a metabolite of hydroxyzine, an antihistamine drug. Its main effects are achieved through selective inhibition of peripheral H1 receptors. The antihistamine activity of cetirizine has been shown in a variety of animal and human models. In vivo and ex vivo animals model have shown insignificant anticholinergic and anti-serotonergic effects. In chemical studies, however, dry mouth is found to be more frequent with cetirizine than with a placebo. In vitro receptor binding studies have demonstrated no detectible affinity of cetirizine for histamine receptors.
Uses -
*Cetirizine is an antihistamine drug that relieves the symptoms of allergies.
*It is used to treat hay fever, and conjunctivitis (red, itchy eye).
*It is used to treat eczema, hives, and food allergies.
Doses-
Usual adult dose for allergic rhinitis :
5 to 10 mg orally once a day.
The maximum dose is 10mg/ day.
Some experts recommend patients over 65 years of age should be started with 5mg orally once a day.
Usual adult dose for urticaria:
5 to 10 mg orally once a day.
The maximum dose is 10mg/ day.
Some experts recommend patients over 65 years of age should be started with 5mg orally once a day.
Usual pediatric dose for allergic rhinitis:
6 months to 2 years children >
Initial dose-2.5mg orally once a day
Maintenance dose-2.5mg orally once or twice a day.
Maximum dose-5mg/day.
2 to 5 years old children >
Initial dose-2.5mg orally once a day
Maintenance dose-2.5mg orally once or twice a day.
Maximum dose-5mg/day.
6 years and older>
5 to 10mg orally once a day.
Maximum dose-10 mg/day.
Usual pediatric dose for urticaria:
6 months to 2 years children >
Initial dose-2.5mg orally once a day
Maintenance dose-2.5mg orally once or twice a day.
Maximum dose-5mg/day.
2 to 5 years old children >
Initial dose-2.5mg orally once a day
Maintenance dose-2.5mg orally once or twice a day.
Maximum dose-5mg/day.
6 years and older>
5 to 10mg orally once a day.
Maximum dose-10 mg/day.
Side effects-
The overdose of cetirizine shows different types of side effects like,
#Feeling sleepy.
#Tired.
#Dry mouth.
#Nausea.
#Dizziness.
#Stomach pain.
#Diarrhea.
#Sore throat.
Call
ReplyDelete