Clonazepam|Structure|Synthesis|MOA|Uses|Side-effects

  

 Clonazepam

Clonazepam belongs to the long-acting benzodiazepine class, which is used in the treatment of anxiety disorder, seizures, panic disorder, etc. It is a 2'-chlorinated derivative of nitrazepam. clonazepam contains sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant properties. It is a slightly-yellowish crystalline powder, practically insoluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol(95%), and methanol. The molecular weight of clonazepam is 315.71 gm/mol.

Structure:

The molecular formula of clonazepam  is,[C­­­­­15H10N3O3Cl].

Clonazepam Structure

The IUPAC name of clonazepam is, 5-(2-chlorophenyl)-7-nitro-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-one.

Synthesis:

Clonazepam Synthesis

Mechanism of action:

Clonazepam is a long-acting benzodiazepine, like others benzodiazepines its binds to GABA(Gama-Amino Butyric Acid). GABA(Gama-Amino Butyric Acid) is an important neurotransmitter in the human body, which binds with GABA(a) receptor. Due to this chloride ions are directed across neuron's cell membranes. With a sufficient amount of chloride ions neurons' membrane potentials are hyperpolarized, which causes less excitation of neurons. Clonazepam binds with GABA(Gama-Amino Butyric Acid), which increases the concentration of chloride ions across the neuron's cell membranes. Resulting in a hyperpolarized cell membrane that prevents further excitation of associated neuron cells.

Uses:

It is used in the treatment of,

1. Panic disorder.
2. Seizures.
3. Anxiety Disorder.
4. Restless leg syndrome.
5. Hyperekplesia.
6. Akathisia.

Side-effects:

The overdose of clonazepam shows different types of side effects like,

1. Dizziness.
2. Drowsiness.
3. Nightmares.
4. hallucination.
5. Feeling tired.
6. Confusion.