Amphotericin B|Structure|Mechanism of action|Uses|Side-effects|Amfoterocina B|Amibisome|Amphotec|Halizon|Abelecet|Fungizone|AMPH-B|Fungilin
Amphotericin B
Amphotericin B is an anti fungal antibiotic, which is active against severel types of fungi
like, Aspergillus fumigatus, Blastomyces dermatidis, Sporothrix schenckil, Candida species etc. It is produced by Streptomyces nodosus. It is a odorless yellow powder. Amphotericin B is slightly solluble in alcohol but insolluble in benzene and toluene. The moleculer weight of amphotericin b is 924.1 gm/mol. It is also known as, Amfoterocina B, Amibisome,Amphotec,Halizon,Abelecet, Fungizone, AMPH-B,Fungilin etc.
■Structure:-
The moleculer formula of amphotericin b is,
[C47H73NO17].
The IUPAC name of amphotericin b is,
(1R,3S,5R,6R,9R,11R,15S,16R,17R,18S,19E,21E,23E,25E,27E,29E,31E,33R,35S,36R,37S)-33-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,5,6,9,11,17,37-octahydroxy-15,16,18-trimethyl-13-oxo-15,39-dioxabicyclo nonatriaconta-19,21,23,25,27,29,31-heptane-36-carboxylic acid.
■Mechanism of action:-
Ergosterol is the target site of action of amphotericin b. It binds with ergosterol which is a component of cell membren of fungal cell. Due to the binding the drug is creat a transmembren channel which, is responsible for the leakage of K+,Na+,H+ and C- ions. Due to the leakage the fungal cell membren intrigrity is disrupts and the cell is dead.
■Uses:-
It is used in the treatment of several types of fungal infections like,
- Candidiasis.
- Coccidiodomycosis.
- Histoplasmosis.
- Mucromgcosis.
- Aspergillosis.
- Sporotrichosis.
- Pseudallescheriasis.
- Cutaneous leishmaniasis.
- Cryptococcal meninigitis.
■Side-effects:-
This drug shows several adverse effects like,
- Pain in injection site.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Diarrhoea.
- Dyspepsia.
- Normocytic anaemia.
- Muscle and joint pain.
- Headache.
- Hypokalaemia.
- Hypotension.
- Fever.
- Weight loss.
- Malaise.
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